The Secret Language Of Clinical Psychology - 972 Words

The Secret Language of Clinical Psychologists. The article, Women Entering Clinical Psychology: Q-Sort Narratives of Career Attraction of Female Clinical Psychology Trainees in the UK was published on September nineteenth, 2011 by Martyn Baker and Jen Nash. This article discusses about a vast amount of women in the UK are attracted to the clinical psychology workforce. This article is on a study that tests how the women are attracted to clinical psychology through the use of five narratives of attraction. This article can be very difficult to understand if the reader is not part of the clinical psychology discourse community. In order to understand this article, one would need to know how to read Psychology journal articles. Psychology journal articles are made up of five different sections, that is; the abstract, introduction, method section, the results section, the discussion section, and the references section. In this article, the abstract and introduction summarized what Baker and Nash are looking for and how they got their answers. The method section and results section shows the way in which the research came about and what the procedures used and variables measured are and what were the results through the use of tables and figures to explain exactly what they mean. The discussion section is a summary of the entire article and what the tables and figures mean. Lastly, the references section shows all the cited articles and sources used in this article. The audienceShow MoreRelatedClinical Psychology : Mental Illness, Emotional, And Behavioral Disorders1027 Words   |  5 PagesClinical Psychology is a branch of psychology that work with treating mental illness, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Psychologists work with patients that have disabilities such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders and substance abuse. However, clinical psychology roles are well-suited to individuals with a strong work ethic who are able to show empathy while also being very oriented to solving problems. A Christian who is a clinical psychologist must choose whether to treat a patientRead MoreThe Psychology Of Buddhism And Buddhism1504 Words   |  7 Pages On the Psychology of Buddhism Jarrett C. Ettison Community College of Allegheny County On the Psychology of Buddhism Buddhism as a non-theistic religion dates back to antiquity, circa the 6th century BCE. Founded by its eponymous central figure Siddhartha Gautama—the Buddha— Buddhism is currently practice by millions of adherents world-wide, with a surging following in the United States. An epistemic shift toward empiricism and science is responsible for our contemporary rapprochement with theRead MoreSigmund Freud s Influence On Psychology751 Words   |  4 Pages1939. He was beyond a doubt one of the founding fathers of modern psychology. Sigmund Freud examined the human mind more in depth than anyone before him. His contributions to psychology are immeasurable. He was very influential throughout the twentieth century. His theories, and research have influenced not only psychology, but many other areas of culture, including the way people raise their children even today. Freud influenced language and embedded it within the modern vocabulary of today. Words like:Read MoreConfidentiality and The Helping Relationship Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesand feelings. They will not be completely honest or forthcoming in conversations which will hinder the professional’s ability to truly help the client. For this reason, the promise of confidentiality becomes critical to the process. It is the â€Å"secret keeping duty† all helping professionals have an ethical obligation to observe (Younggren Harris, p.589). 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Publisher American Psychological Association Place of Publication Washington DC, USA Year of Publication 2002 Annotation Rather than a textbook, this is a comprehensive reader of articles concerned with research in the area of psychology in general and clinical psychology in particular. Chosen for their general applicationRead MoreEssay about Federico Fellini1702 Words   |  7 Pagesmost influential Italian cinemas film directors was Federico Fellini, who became popular after World War II. The filmography of Fellini included 24 titles; of which won him five Academy Awards including the most Oscars in history for best foreign language film (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Federico Fellini’s influences have became such an integral part of the film industry, that some of his influences are barely even credited to him in todays society such as the word â€Å"paparazzi† which originated in

Origin of Hindu Religion - 2468 Words

A Hindu ( pronunciation (help ·info), Devanagari: à ¤ ¹Ã  ¤ ¿Ã  ¤ ¨Ã  ¥ Ã  ¤ ¦Ã  ¥ ) is an adherent of Hinduism, a set of religious, philosophical and cultural systems that originated in the Indian subcontinent. The vast body of Hindu scriptures, divided into Ã…Å¡ruti (revealed) and Smriti (remembered), lay the foundation of Hindu beliefs, which primarily include dhà ¡rma, kà ¡rma, ahimsa and saá ¹Æ'sÄ ra. VedÄ nta and yoga are one of the several core schools of Hindu philosophy, broadly known as the SanÄ tana Dharma. The word Hindu is at times attributed to all persons professing Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism or Sikhism as is used in the Constitution of India.[1] With more than a billion adherents, Hinduism is the worlds third largest religion. The vast majority of Hindus,†¦show more content†¦The early medieval Puranas helped establish a religious mainstream among the pre-literate tribal societies undergoing acculturation. The tenets of Brahmanic Hinduism and of the Dharmashastras underwent a radical transformation at the hands of the Purana composers, resulting in the rise of a mainstream Hinduism that overshadowed all earlier traditions.[14] Though Islam came to India in the early 7th century with the advent of Arab traders and the conquest of Sindh, it started to become a major religion during the later Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent.[12] During this period Buddhism declined rapidly and many Hindus converted to Islam. Numerous Muslim rulers such as Aurangzeb destroyed Hindu temples and persecuted non-Muslims; however some, such as Akbar, were more tolerant. Hinduism underwent profound changes, in large part due to the influence of the prominent teachers Ramanuja, Madhva, and Chaitanya.[12] Followers of the Bhakti movement moved away from the abstract concept of Brahman, which the philosopher Adi Shankara consolidated a few centuries before, with emotional, passionate devotion towards the more accessible avatars, especially Krishna and Rama.[15] The Swaminarayan sects Akshardham Temple in Delhi, according the Guinness World Records is the World’s Largest Comprehensive Hindu Temple Indology as an academicShow MoreRelatedOrigin of Hindu Religion2457 Words   |  10 PagesA Hindu ( pronunciation (help ·info), Devanagari: à ¤ ¹Ã  ¤ ¿Ã  ¤ ¨Ã  ¥ Ã  ¤ ¦Ã  ¥ ) is an adherent of Hinduism, a set of religious, philosophical and cultural systems that originated in the Indian subcontinent. The vast body of Hindu scriptures, divided into Ã…Å¡ruti (revealed) and Smriti (remembered), lay the foundation of Hindu beliefs, which primarily include dhà ¡rma, kà ¡rma, ahimsa and saá ¹Æ'sÄ ra. VedÄ nta and yoga are one of the several core schools of Hindu philosophy, broadly known as the SanÄ tana Dharma. The word Hindu isRead MoreHinduism, Islam, And Hinduism Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesgraces that make a society prosper. Each religion has its unique features that differentiate it from other religions across the world. The beliefs and practices of various religions often follow a set of principles laid by the founders of that religion. In most cases, these princi ples often have a primary theme that they tend to support. The major religions that are practiced b many people across the world are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. The three religions are practiced in different parts of theRead MoreHinduism Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagesliving religion since some elements of it date back thousands of years; Hinduism has no single founder, no single scripture, and no commonly agreed set of teachings despite many key figures and numerous holy books that might indicate otherwise. Hence why Hinduism is often referred to as a â€Å"way of life† and why it makes sense that the religion was informed by so many external conditions around its â€Å"birth† (BBC Religion Profile, Hinduism) For instance even though the birth of the term â€Å"Hindu† couldRead MoreThe Complexities of Hinduism803 Words   |  4 PagesThe religion of Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world. The many aspects of Hinduism present a complex religion. However complex and intellectual this religion seems, the over whelming branches and diversities of Hinduism pose problems for the Hindu worldview. The history, nature of the world, practical outcomes, and superiority of Christianity display the challenges that Hinduism presents. From Hinduism’s pantheon of gods to its dysfunctional caste system, this religion has wreakedRead MoreReasons for Devotion to Hindu Goddesses1540 Words   |  7 PagesReasons for devotion to Hindu goddesses Hinduism portrays feminine divinity in a more exalted way than most other religions do. Though Hindu goddesses are usually depicted as consorts, wives or companions to a Hindu god, cases exist in which they are worshipped independently; Tantrism for example, where it is believed that women posses more spiritual power than men, thus men can achieve divinity through union with a woman (â€Å"Tantrism†). Most villages reinforce the mother aspect of goddesses andRead MoreHinduism : Hinduism And Hinduism1140 Words   |  5 Pagesbelief that one suffers the effects of their actions, if not in the present life, but each life afterwards. 1. The Question of Origin - The origins of Hinduism can be traced back as far as 200 years before Christ, during which time Aryan deities have been traced to. There is no one start, or founder to pinpoint the origins of Hinduism. 2. The Question of Identity - Hindu worship over many deities, and have a two belief system that sin and evil are just illusions and that time is cyclical. They believeRead MoreReligious Views On Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide1528 Words   |  7 PagesDaniel Kessler Professor Brislen GREL 101 15 November 2014 Religious Views on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide Throughout the millennia since the origin of man, technology has continuously evolved contributing to a longer life expectancy among humans. Now, even terminally ill patients can be kept alive by medications and machines. These life saving devices also carry the potential to kill a human with little effort or time. The debate has arisen as to whether people have the â€Å"right to die† or oftenRead More Hinduism Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as the worlds oldest religion. According to ISKCON Educational Services (2004), it is hard to construct a timeline because Hinduism has no identifiable human founder or specific origin in history. It is so old that its past goes into pre-history. It is extremely diverse with the Hindu people being more interested in the meaning of events than in providing first hand records. There is also no clear-cut divide between history and myth. It is believed that Hindu traditions appeared aroundRead MoreComparison of Hinduism and Buddhism Essay772 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of two Religions Religion has been a practice of many cultures from the beginning of time. Research two different religions, and determine what the origins of the religions are. Find out what is similar, and what is different about the two religions, that you choose. Analyze the two different religions and discuss. Origin of Hinduism The origin of Hinduism is a mystery, because there is no founder for this religion. This religion developed over four thousand years ago. There is no authorRead MoreWhy Hinduism Should Be Considered A World Religion1299 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Hinduism Should Be Considered a World Religion Introduction Religion in the world today mostly depend on the number of adherents and the rate of at which they increase in the world. While considering the statistics, studies indicate that Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world and with a projection that by the year 2050, its popularity shall have increased more than any other religion in the world. Alongside Islam is the Hinduism, religion which is also projected to have a faster growth

New Global Patterns Free Essays

For each term, person, or place listed at the beginning of the section, write a sentence explaining its significance. French Indochina – the name given to the colonies in Southeast Asia that were under French control. Significant of European imperialism in Asia and the pressure that was placed on it by Western and European powers. We will write a custom essay sample on New Global Patterns or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mongkut – the king of Siam who by studying modern science, mathematics, and language was able to uphold his country and keep it from European rule and pushed Siam into a period of modernization. Spanish-American War – a struggle between the United States and Spain over the independence of Cuba. Was significant in the US’s ability to win and take control of Cuba. Liliuokalani – the queen of Hawaii had attempted to resist foreign influences but did not succeed as the United States overpowered her. Led to the imperialism of all Pacific islands by European powers. 2. Reading Strategy: Identify Causes and Effects-How did industrialized powers divide up Southeast Asia and the Pacific, and how did the colonized peoples react? Powers such as the Dutch, British, and French were able to use the rivalries between local communities of Southeast Asia to their advantage by using new technologies and armies to conquer new colonies. In the Pacific the United States, Germany, and Britain had extraterritorial rights in Samoa and had a triple protectorate in action. Even after leaders of the former independent countries that became colonized tried to fight off foreign influence, the Western powers were always able to gain control of all except Siam. People of the colonies had pushed hard to resist the imperialist force and in the end after colonization, they adopted the ideals of the powers that controlled them by means of modernization. 3. Summarize – What steps did Siam take to preserve its independence? King Mongkut had studied foreign languages and on modern sciences and mathematics. He gained much knowledge and didn’t underestimate the power of the Europeans and took smarter approaches to resisting imperialism. He heavily negotiated with the Western powers by forming unequal treaties, much like the ones the Western powers had been using to take advantage of others. Mongkut was successful and was able to keep Siam out of the clutches of imperialism and soon after with the aid of his son Chulalongkorn was able to start a modernization movement to strengthen the country. Draw Conclusions – Why were Filipino rebels disappointed when the United States took control of the Philippines? During the Spanish-American War, the Philippines was able declare independence from Spain and decided to fight alongside the US to help in the effort. Rebels were disappointed because they had expected the US would acknowledge their independence after helping them defeat Spain. Instead, the US offered to buy Spain’s control of the Philippines for $20 million and the US was able to imperialize the Philippines which outrages rebels. 4. Synthesize Information – How did Hawaii become part of the United States? The US had been part of the triple protectorate between the US, Germany, and Britain. The US exclusively had pushed for power in Hawaii and the American planters were able to overthrow Liliuokalani and her efforts to halt Western influence and supporters of annexation convinced the US that if they did not act for power in Hawaii, other countries would soon interfere. This convinced the US to lock in its power in Hawaii. 6. Make Comparisons- Compare the partition of Southeast Asia to the partition of Africa. How was it similar? How was it different? I see the partition of Asia and Africa similarly in the sense that both means of imperialism were the same. The powers used the same tactics to partitions colonies in both areas. They used unequal treaties, used a country’s weakness to their advantage such as local conflicts, used new technologies and armies as a means of conquering, and made the same modernization changes to society such as education, politics, transportation, economy, societal, etc. The main difference I seemed to remember was that the reason for imperializing these two parts of the eastern world was for Africa, the main idea was always based on social Darwinism and there seemed to be less multiple protectorates in Africa than in Asia. Also the struggle for Africa was mainly for resource benefits as opposed to Southeast Asia where concern of resource supply wasn’t discussed in the section. How to cite New Global Patterns, Papers

Food Culture Lebanese Food Falafel

Question: Discuss about theFood Culturefor Lebanese Food Falafel. Answer: Introduction In this assignment the information about the Lebanese food Falafel in local Almond Bar Darlinghurst Sydney has been delivered by the researcher. The word cuisine has been derived from the Latin word coquere which means to cook. The style of cooking is can be characterized in various manner and techniques. The dishes that are prepared by using the ingredients and techniques refer cooking. It is normally related to a particular region or culture. In this assignment it has been discussed about a particular dish of Lebanese that is falafel and showing the emergence as a Middle East food in local Almond Bar Darlinghurst in Sydney (Diner, 2013). Here Lebanese food falafel has been chosen by the researcher to discuss its historical as well as the importance and popularity of it among the local and the foreigners (Abdullah, 2015). The researcher also delivered the information about the production rate and the consumption rate relating to the historical age. The gastronomy importance of the f ood that has been selected by the researcher in this context has been also discussed. And the most importantly the demand and the supply of the falafel dish and its popularity in the local and over the world has been also discussed in this report. Describe the Chosen Food in its Local Context Falafel is the name of a dish that is popular in the Middle East part of Egypt. Falafel is one of the Lebanese delicious dishes among various famous dishes that are made from the Fava bean and chickpeas or by both. It is the deep fried ball or patty that is considered as snacks. The falafel ball are used are mainly traditional dish of the Middle Eastern part and generally served pita. It is also used as staffing ingredients in between flatbread known as taboon. The falafel ball is served in local restaurant and bar in the Sydney as snack item. The falafel dish is famous dish of Lebanese though it is originated in the Egypt (Waines, 2016). In the local region and part of Sydney this dish very famous. The dish falafel ball or patty is prepared from the paste of chickpeas and fava bean which is mixed with onions and different type of herbs, spices and then it is deep fried. It is served with different sauce and salad and it is considered and popular among the people as a delicious tasty food. It is crispy and juicy as it is deep fried. It is as local street food and in local bar in Almond Bar Darlinghurst in Sydney. Therefore, as it is popular Lebanese dish the demand of the food in the bar and restaurant is high for it taste. History of the Food in Context to the Major Periods of Change or Globalization process According to various researches report the information that is provided by the researcher that still now there is controversy with the origin of Falafel. The dish falafel is eaten by an ethno-religious group in Egypt and is considered as Muslim. During the lent period this group of people intake this food instead meat. Therefore, it is considered as vegetarian dish. In the Middle East part the dish falafel is considered as a street food or fast food (Popkin, 2006). The researcher also intended to deliver information that falafel has been considered as popular dish for which the Mc Donalds has taken initiative for servings their menu as Mc falafel in several part of countries. In this modern period age the dish falafel is considered as Lebanese famous dish. Falafel has played an iconic role in the region of Israeli cooking and is represented as the national dish of the county. As falafel is completely vegetable based food its consider under the law and acts of Jewish dietary. During the age of 1970 the Lebanese dish falafel was only considered and found in the Middle-east and Jewish restaurant and bar. But now a day, the falafel dish has been popular delicious dish in the North America, Australia and various other countries in this world (Waines, 2016). As it is discussed above that falafel the Lebanese dish is completely prepared by the vegetables therefore it very popular and famous delicious among the Vegan or the people those are vegetarian. It is accepted as alternative dish by the vegetarian instead of meat or non vegetable food. It is also now in recent time sold in the market and health food stores. The falafel dish has been accepted as nutritious and protein food by the peoples and cooked in different variety. The falafel balls or patty are used in the in different types of recipe as an ingredients such as while making dish with spaghetti the falafel ball rue mixed with it for enhancing the quality and taste of the dish instead of meat balls. There are three major periods of change in the context of regional cuisine. These three changes occurred due to the affect of globalization processes (Cavalcanti, 2015). During the period 1400s to late 1800s the European mercantilism started, it was the first phase; the second phase was the migration during the period of 17th century followed to 20th century when peoples from different region of the world were migrating and settling in a different part which influenced and created a fusion of taste and foods (Hall and R., 2016). And the third phase was thee contemporary globalization which has increased the communication among the several part of the region in world. The transportation gap decreased in order to spread the knowledge of the food all over the world. Therefore, the dynamic change in the globalization has influenced the food habits of the many region people. Provide Rich Description to Reflect the Production and Consumption According to the above discussion the falafel dish is Lebanese dish which is made from the chickpeas and fava bean. According to various research studies the rate of production percentage of grown chickpeas is almost 80% globally. There are two types of chickpeas that are grown are desi and kabuli. In Australia 70 to 80% is the production of desi chick peas. In the north east part of Australia typical desi chickpeas are grown while kabuli chickpeas are grown in the part of south east part. In Australia the crop is grown in the winter season nab harvested in the month of October and January. In the year 1980 the first commercial chickpeas have been grown in Australia. In between the year 1990-91 and 2012-13 the production rate is 192000-817000 tonnes. The production rate has increased rapidly near about 40000tonnes according to the year 2005-06, the record delivers information the production rate high time was 2012-13 and the production was 377000tones (Pugliese et al. 2013). According to the production rate of chick peas in Australian market the researcher served information about the consumption. The Australian chick peas are exported to different region of the world such India, Bangladesh, south assai, etc. In the year 2011-2012 the production of chickpeas was 673400 tonnes and the exported rate was 581000 tonnes. The Australia has been considered as the world largest exporter of chickpeas in the global trade market (Jabeen and Katsioloudes, 2013). In average the exported chickpeas of Australia are 36% in an annual accounting rate. In the year 2012 the production rate of Australian chickpeas decline to 11.3 tonnes which 11.6 tonnes during the year 2011. The production and consumption of chickpeas in world trade market is increasing its volume rapidly. Therefore, it is relevant that the production rate of the chickpeas in Australia is experiencing a rapid growth which is enhancing the economic and financial aspect of the globe trade market (Waines, 2016 ). There are many foreign countries that are collaborating with the Australian exporter for the exporting the chickpeas and also to increase the financial position of the particular region. Gastronomic Research The falafel ball or patty is usually found as the nation food and famous delicious food of the Middle East part of the world. But in the near future it spread all over the world (Articles, 2016). The Australia is getting benefited by the production of the chick peas which is the main ingredients of the falafel dish (Industry.gov.au. 2016).The dish falafel is accepted by the local people in Australian and the Almond Bar in Sydney is getting benefited by the serving the dish to the customers. The dish is very delicious and tasty for which the demand for the food in this restaurant is very high. The cooking style of the dish is as old as the ancient time so the taste and the flavour is maintained as authentically (Jabeen and Katsioloudes, 2013). In the Sydney and other part of Australian the licensee dish is also considered as the delicious street food. Conclusion Keeping in mind the various points that has been discussed above in this assessment, we can conclude that there are different cuisines of several regions and they are accepted as a part of nationality of their region. The Lebanese cuisine of falafel is the one of the oldest and is very popular dish in the various part of the world. It has also been accepted as protein and nutritious dietary food by the peoples. Therefore the falafel dish is increasing the financial status of the local Almond Bar Darlinghurst in Sydney as the demand from the customer is high. References Abdullah, T. (2015). Reduction of Oil Uptake in Deep Fat Fried Falafel.JNHFE, 2(4). Articles, M. (2016).Most Downloaded International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science Articles - Elsevier. [online] Journals.elsevier.com. Available at: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-gastronomy-and-food-science/most-downloaded-articles/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Cavalcanti, J. (2015). Globalization of Food and Labor: Challenges for Sociology.Sociologies in Dialogue, 1(1). Diner, H. (2013). Beyond hummus and falafel: social and political aspects of Palestinian food in Israel.Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(5), pp.882-884. Hall, M. and R., M. (2016).We are what we eat: food, tourism and globalization, [online] 2. Available at: https://file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/1017728_1976598932_Reading2HallMitchellFoodGlobal-2.pdf [Accessed 13 Oct. 2016]. Industry.gov.au. (2016).Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. [online] Available at: https://industry.gov.au/ [Accessed 14 Oct. 2016]. Jabeen, F. and Katsioloudes, M. (2013). Just Falafel: a success story of an international expansion.Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 3(2), pp.1-12. Popkin, B. (2006). Technology, transport, globalization and the nutrition transition food policy.Food Policy, 31(6), pp.554-569. Pugliese, P., Zanasi, C., Atallah, O. and Cosimo, R. (2013). Investigating the interaction between organic and local foods in the Mediterranean: The Lebanese organic consumers perspective.Food Policy, 39, pp.1-12. Waines, D. (2016). Falafel Nation: Cuisine and the Making of National Identity in Israel.Global Food History, 2(2), pp.214-216. Zelenskaya, E. (2015). Gastronomic Component in Tourism industry.Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series "Humanitarian and Social Sciences", (3),

Psy240 Appendix C free essay sample

Axia College Material Appendix C Petra Koenig PSY240 March 26, 2011 The Sleep Matrix Why do we sleep? What governs when or how long we sleep? This activity will assist you in understanding two common sleep theories, recuperation and circadian, which provide different answers to these questions. Depending on which one you support, it may change your outlook on sleep and your current sleeping habits. Categorize each characteristic under the correct theory—recuperation or circadian—by placing an â€Å"X† in the appropriate column. Then, answer the questions that follow. |Recuperation |Circadian | |Sleep restores the body to a state of | | | |homeostasis. |X | | |Sleep plays no role in physiological | |X | |functioning. | | | |We become tired when it is dark out. |X | |Function of sleep is to restore energy |X | | |levels | | | |Function of sleep is to conserve energy | |X | |We become tired from wakefulness. X | | |We sleep until the body is physiologically |X | | | sound. | | | |We sleep based on an internal timing | |X | |mechanism. We will write a custom essay sample on Psy240 Appendix C or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page | | |Sleep depends on vulnerability from | |X | |predators. | | | |Sleep deprivation may cause behavioral |X | | |disturbances. | | |We have a sleep-wake cycle. | |X | |When we sleep is based on some evolutionary| |X | |aspects. | | | . What are the main differences between the recuperation and circadian theories? Recuperation- in common usage, refers to a period of recovery. A circadian- rhythm is a roughly-24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioural processes of living beings. 2. Which theory do you most agree with? Explain. I agree with Recuperation theories because it seem more reliable and make sense to me.

Climate Change is the Biggest Global Health Threat of the 21st Century. The WritePass Journal

Climate Change is the Biggest Global Health Threat of the 21st Century. Introduction Climate Change is the Biggest Global Health Threat of the 21st Century. IntroductionGlobal Implications of Climate Change.Health effects of climate changeClimate Change and Health ModelAdaptationOther Strategies and InterventionsConclusionRelated Introduction Climate change is one of the major environmental threats facing the world today. It is referred to as â€Å"any distinct change in measures of climatic condition that could last for a long period of time such as major changes in temperature, rainfall, snow or wind patterns lasting for a decade or longer† (Allen, 2010). Over the past century, there has been a continuous rise in the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and other green gases (Frumkin et al, 2008) as well as the earth’s surface being warmed by more than 0.8 °C and by approximately 0.6 °C in the past three decades (NASA, 2007). It has been estimated that by the year 2100, the world’s mean temperature will increase by an additional 1.8 to 4.0 °C, sea levels from 0.18 to 0.59m   and a significant increase in weather variability (Solomon et al., 2007). The warming of the earth’s surface has brought about severe weather conditions such as torrential rains and flooding, droughts and storm s which are as a result of human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels which are rich in carbon and combine with oxygen in the atmosphere to release carbon dioxide that traps heat in the atmosphere (Change, 2007).   The annual emissions of CO2 and GHG have increased by 80% and 70% respectively between 1970 and 2004 (Allen, 2010). Deforestation is another human activity that has brought about the continuous change in climatic conditions (Change, 2007). Global Implications of Climate Change. It has been estimated that by the year 2015, Global Millennium Development Goals and the assurance of a safe and sustainable future will be harder to obtain due to the changes in the climate (Allen, 2010). Instances of natural disasters that have happened recently are shown below: The first hurricane ever recorded in the southern Atlantic Ocean in Brazil in 2004 and the Cyclone Nargis which raised a tidal wall 12feet high and forty kilometres long that slammed into Myanmar (Burma) in 2008 are examples of the fact that the earth is changing fast (Epstein et al, 2011 ).   In 2003, a heat wave melted 10 percent of the ice in Alps and killed more than fifty two thousand people. One thousand people were killed as a result of a drenching rain in Mumbai which also contaminated water supplies and sickened hundreds. This has led to the spread of â€Å"malaria-carrying mosquitoes, the disappearance of mountain glaciers which threatens drinking water supplies on five continents and at least 150,000 additional deaths recorded worldwide each year as well as five million years of healthy life lost to disability† (Epstein et al, 2011). Health effects of climate change Climate change affects health in several ways namely: continuous change in disease and mortality patterns, severe weather events, food and water contamination, heat wave, melting permafrost and threats to housing and public infrastructure (Costello et al., 2009, Healey et al, 2011). The major factors affecting human health are â€Å"social, political, economic, environmental and technological factors as well as urbanization, affluence, scientific developments, individual behaviour and vulnerability in terms of genetic make up, nutritional status, emotional well being, age gender and economic status† (Allen, 2010). Other potential health effects of climate change include respiratory and cardiovascular disease related to worsening air pollution, infectious diseases related to changes in vector biology, water and food contamination, nutritional shortages related to changes in food production, allergic symptoms related to increased allergen production (Heinz and Patz, 2004, Heinz et al, 2006). The way pests, parasites and pathogens affect wildlife, livestock, agriculture, forests and coastal marine organisms can also alter ecosystem composition and functions, and changes in these life support systems carry implications for human health† (Epstein, 2005). The adverse health effects of climate change will also bring about migration from flooded and inhospitable places which will encourage population growth, thereby, resulting in â€Å"increased pressure and competition for scarce resources, such as food, water and shelter† (Costello et al., 2009).   The demand for more food production will give rise â€Å"to high land loss and as a result bring about industrialization, urbanisation, sea level rises and increased flooding† (Costello et al., 2009). Figure 1 summarises the major pathways through which population health can be affected by climate change. The right hand boxes show an increase in complexity of causal process where the likelihood that health effects may be deferred or protracted while the middle boxes show the main climatic-environmental manifestations of climate change (McMichael et al., 2006). Climate Change and Health Model The effect of climate change will be greatest on countries that have made little or no contribution to its cause and those with little resources. The implementation of mitigation and adaptation helps to reduce inequity caused by negative effects on social determinants of health in the poorest countries (Costello et al., 2009). Mitigation can be described as the true prevention/intervention to lessen adverse health effects (McMichael et al., 2006). One of the most important factors in mitigating the effects of climate change on health is to bring to focus the past, present and the future events which have contributed to the transition of land, environment and the way of life of people (Healey et al, 2011).   To avoid dangerous climate change, mitigation is required to â€Å"reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon biosequestration through reforestation and improved agricultural practices as well as to ensure a rapid, sustained and effective coordination of global and regional action† (Costello et al., 2009). Adaptation Climate change adaptation is required for an improved coordination and accountability of global governance. Climate change health effects can be managed when all sectors of government, civil society and academic disciplines work together to get to an expected end. It is crucial that the local communities get involved in monitoring, discussing, advocating and assisting with the process of adaptation (Costello et al, 2009). Local action is required for the prevention of local flooding and global action to make funds available as well as the needed cooperation of government and international agencies to reduce health inequalities in communities (Costello et al, 2009). Some examples of adaptation measures to climate change are shown in table 1. Table 1: Some examples of adaptation measures to climate change. (Sourced from Bulto et al, 2006) Adaptation options Current activities Future activities Strengthening primary health care and the public health system Specific health promotion and preventive programs designed to reduce population vulnerability. Educational programs of environmental risks, including climate change and their effects on human health. Continuous development of health promotion and preventive programs, increasing community participation on health issues, increasing the participation of local governments and other sectors in developing the best conditions of life. Measures to improve health surveillance systems Providing forecasts of the main climate-sensitive diseases to all levels of the National Public Health System increase number of early warning systems to predict epidemics. Continuous research to improve forecast models using the necessary indices. Incorporating new diseases and risk factors in the forecast models. Decreasing uncertainty through improved data and research on climate, epidemic, ecologic and social variables. Immunization programs, especially   for high-risk groups Maintaining the current vaccination program and prioritizing new programs. Enhancing vaccination programs immunization program and develop a prevention program for diseases. Improve sanitary conditions Developing responses to increased sanitary demands in all fields (communal, drinking water, garbage, sewage, food, and others). Maintaining contingency plans. Developing educational programs about environmental care with the participation of the community, government, and all sectors. Increasing environment care projects. Improving contingency care projects. Educational programs on radio and TV and newspapers Develop educational programs on the health risks associated with climate change   Implementing new programs on climate-health associations and communicate results to the population, governments and others. Exchange information with international researchers working on climate change and health issues Participate in international meetings. Develop new projects with participation from other countries. Other Strategies and Interventions Public health services are very essential for reducing the challenges brought about by climate change. The services can help to â€Å"monitor the health status of the community, investigate and diagnose health problems and hazards, inform and educate people regarding health issues, mobilize partnerships to solve community problems, support policies and plans to achieve health goals, enforce laws and regulations to protect health and safety, connect people to required personal health services, ensure a skilled, competent workforce, evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of health services, research and apply innovative solutions† (Allen, 2010). The health and well being of humans can be increased by developing a variety of strategies for coping with climate change and reversing its ill effects such as recycling materials. These would greatly help to improve personal choices, enhance sustainability, discourage waste and clean up communities (Healey et al, 2011). Another strategy is to create awareness about the effects of climate change by ensuring individuals are educated and well informed as well as engaging people in political action to strengthen communication and ensure more equitable access to facilities (Healey et al, 2011). Interventions put in place to reduce the declination of global freshwater resources caused by rising rates of water extraction and contamination are to scale up water and sanitation services which would help to reduce infectious diseases and   avoid the health impacts of decreasing water supplies. Community participation and social mobilization are needed for addressing health concerns and creating healthy environments. The public health community needs a realistic preventive strategy to make sure healthy environments are maintained and developed from local to global needs as well as a sustainable development and protection of ecosystem services which are very important for human health (WHO, 2005). Conclusion In conclusion, climate change should be addressed as an integral part of the big challenge towards a sustainable development. This can be achieved by encouraging communities to get more involved in working towards actualizing change at multiple and socio-ecological levels (Healey et al, 2011).   Further attention needs to be placed on this issue by the government as well as the maintenance of public health infrastructure by providing adequate funds for environmental and chronic disease surveillance systems and a well trained work force (English et al, 2009).

Find out how large are the media industries in the U.S in terms of Essay

Find out how large are the media industries in the U.S in terms of last year's revenues and influence. What are the consequences of that for media culture - Essay Example Usually, the largest, most impressive grosses, are generated by high-budget A-Pictures, financed and/or released by the MPAA companies; however, such pictures do not always create the optimum rate of return, especially for net profit participants, who, unfortunately, only see profit participation in 5% of the pictures. The statistics of the movie industry in the United States also reveal that there had been an increase of almost 30% in the media markets in the span of the past ten years. According to a study conducted by Monitor Co., the movie and television industries contributed over $16 billion to the State of California's economy, directly employing 164,000 and indirectly employing another 184,000. The study also found that the vast majority of feature films and television programs are produced by independent producers. During the recent past, there has been a lot of transformation in the way media is reaching the audience. There has been a shift in the media in new forms like DVD and internet. This shift obviously has got an influence and also a strong cultural and social impact on the society.